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Reference Library Articles

Diabetes Expert Report (2007-03-28) [PDF]
Author:
The term "diabetes mellitus" is used to describe a heterogeneous group of disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism that lead to elevated blood sugar levels and to hyperglycemia on fasting and after meals. Glucose is excreted in the urine, what is described as glucosuria, if the blood sugar levels exceed the renal resorption capacity. Hyperglycemia and glucosuria lead to three typical symptoms: severe thirst (polydipsia), frequent micturation (polyuria) and acute hunger (polyphagia), sometimes in association with loss of weight.

The hyperglycemia is accompanied by metabolic disturbances; in some forms of diabetes these lead to ketosis, sometimes to coma and death. These metabolic symptoms lead to late complication, that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels.

A distinction is made between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) according to the risk of ketoacidosis; a further classification differentiates between the probable pathophysiological mechanism (immune defence mediated, type 1; non-immune defence mediated, type 2).

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