Plasma Choline in Runners of the Boston Marathon 1985 and 1986.
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Enhanced Physical Performance in Endurance Athletics
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Enhanced Physical Performance in Endurance AthleticsPhysical performance and endurance activities are enhanced with choline supplementation.
During extended periods of intense physical exertion, a decrease in plasma choline levels results. PPC supplementation prior to physical exertion can help prevent the decrease in plasma choline levels resulting in enhanced performance and extended endurance.
Intense exercise over a long duration puts incredible stress on the body, especially the muscles. Muscle contractions are induced by signals carried by cholinergic nerves to the muscle fiber. The signaling molecule is acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter synthesized from choline. Choline reduction during intense exercise and physical activity may reduce acetylcholine release causing decreased endurance and performance.
Intense levels of exercise and physical activity over extended periods uses the muscle contraction signaling pathway extensively. This intense usage results in declining choline levels in the blood plasma. In a study done by Richard J. Wurtman, runners in the Boston Marathon showed a 40% drop in plasma choline levels. Similar studies were done on cyclists and swimmers and these also reported significant drops in choline levels in blood plasma.
Other studies done by Wurtman et al indicate that polyenylphosphatidylcholine supplementation maintain or slightly elevate plasma choline levels during exercise and contribute to a sharp decline in lactic acid build up during and after exercise and promote faster recovery times.
University of Connecticut Study on Lean Body Mass
In a study performed by the University of Connecticut at Storrs, and published by Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, researchers examined the influence of PPC on body composition and muscle damage related to repeated resistance training. In a three-week, double blind, placebo-controlled study; nine male subjects took PPC supplements while doing resistance training. Researchers measured muscle damage (creatine, kinase, and malondialdehyde increases) for several days, and had two major discoveries. First, the group taking PPC had no muscle damage on the day after the first day of exercise whereas the placebo group had increased muscle damage lasting up to eight days. Second, the group taking PPC had a significant increase in lean body mass.
The bottom line is, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) had a favorable effect on lean body mass and recovery from resistance exercise and the effect may become more pronounced over time.
During extended periods of intense physical exertion, a decrease in plasma choline levels results. PPC supplementation prior to physical exertion can help prevent the decrease in plasma choline levels resulting in enhanced performance and extended endurance.
Intense exercise over a long duration puts incredible stress on the body, especially the muscles. Muscle contractions are induced by signals carried by cholinergic nerves to the muscle fiber. The signaling molecule is acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter synthesized from choline. Choline reduction during intense exercise and physical activity may reduce acetylcholine release causing decreased endurance and performance.
Intense levels of exercise and physical activity over extended periods uses the muscle contraction signaling pathway extensively. This intense usage results in declining choline levels in the blood plasma. In a study done by Richard J. Wurtman, runners in the Boston Marathon showed a 40% drop in plasma choline levels. Similar studies were done on cyclists and swimmers and these also reported significant drops in choline levels in blood plasma.
Other studies done by Wurtman et al indicate that polyenylphosphatidylcholine supplementation maintain or slightly elevate plasma choline levels during exercise and contribute to a sharp decline in lactic acid build up during and after exercise and promote faster recovery times.
University of Connecticut Study on Lean Body Mass
In a study performed by the University of Connecticut at Storrs, and published by Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, researchers examined the influence of PPC on body composition and muscle damage related to repeated resistance training. In a three-week, double blind, placebo-controlled study; nine male subjects took PPC supplements while doing resistance training. Researchers measured muscle damage (creatine, kinase, and malondialdehyde increases) for several days, and had two major discoveries. First, the group taking PPC had no muscle damage on the day after the first day of exercise whereas the placebo group had increased muscle damage lasting up to eight days. Second, the group taking PPC had a significant increase in lean body mass.
The bottom line is, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) had a favorable effect on lean body mass and recovery from resistance exercise and the effect may become more pronounced over time.
